发现药物目标相互作用（DTI）是一个非常有前途的研究领域，具有巨大的潜力。通过计算方法对药物和蛋白质之间可靠的相互作用的准确鉴定，这些方法通常利用从不同数据源检索到的异质信息，可以提高有效药物的发展。尽管随机行走和基质分解技术被广泛用于DTI预测中，但它们有几个局限性。通常以无监督的方式进行基于步行的嵌入生成，而矩阵分解中的线性相似性组合会扭曲不同视图提供的单个见解。为了解决这些问题，我们采用多层网络方法来处理多样化的药物和靶向相似性，并提出了一个新颖的优化框架，称为多重相似性基于DEEPSWALK的矩阵分解（MDMF），以进行DTI预测。该框架统一了嵌入的产生和相互作用预测，药物的学习矢量表示以及目标不仅保留了所有超层和特定层特异性局部不变性的高阶接近性，而且还可以近似与其内部产品的相互作用。此外，我们开发了一种集成方法（MDMF2A），该方法集成了MDMF模型的两个实例化，优化了Precision-Recall曲线（AUPR）和接收器操作特征曲线（AUC）下的面积。关于现实世界DTI数据集的实证研究表明，我们的方法在四种不同的环境中对当前最新方法实现了统计学上的显着改善。此外，对高度排名的非相互作用对的验证也证明了MDMF2A发现新型DTI的潜力。

可靠的图像地理定位对于若干应用来说至关重要，从社交媒体地理标记到假新闻检测。最先进的地理定位方法超越了图像从图像的地理位置估算的任务。但是，没有方法评估图像的适用性，这导致不含地理位置线索的图像的不可靠和错误的估计。在本文中，我们定义了图像定位的任务，即地理位置图像的适用性，并提出了一种选择性预测方法来解决任务。特别是，我们提出了两个新颖的选择功能，利用地理定位模型的输出概率分布来推断出不同尺度的定位。我们的选择功能与最广泛使用的选择性预测基线进行基准测试，在所有情况下都表现优于它们。通过弃权预测不可定位的图像，我们将地理位置精度从城市规模提高到70.5％，从而使当前的地理位置模型可靠地对现实世界应用。

While the brain connectivity network can inform the understanding and diagnosis of developmental dyslexia, its cause-effect relationships have not yet enough been examined. Employing electroencephalography signals and band-limited white noise stimulus at 4.8 Hz (prosodic-syllabic frequency), we measure the phase Granger causalities among channels to identify differences between dyslexic learners and controls, thereby proposing a method to calculate directional connectivity. As causal relationships run in both directions, we explore three scenarios, namely channels' activity as sources, as sinks, and in total. Our proposed method can be used for both classification and exploratory analysis. In all scenarios, we find confirmation of the established right-lateralized Theta sampling network anomaly, in line with the temporal sampling framework's assumption of oscillatory differences in the Theta and Gamma bands. Further, we show that this anomaly primarily occurs in the causal relationships of channels acting as sinks, where it is significantly more pronounced than when only total activity is observed. In the sink scenario, our classifier obtains 0.84 and 0.88 accuracy and 0.87 and 0.93 AUC for the Theta and Gamma bands, respectively.

Differentiable Architecture Search (DARTS) has attracted considerable attention as a gradient-based Neural Architecture Search (NAS) method. Since the introduction of DARTS, there has been little work done on adapting the action space based on state-of-art architecture design principles for CNNs. In this work, we aim to address this gap by incrementally augmenting the DARTS search space with micro-design changes inspired by ConvNeXt and studying the trade-off between accuracy, evaluation layer count, and computational cost. To this end, we introduce the Pseudo-Inverted Bottleneck conv block intending to reduce the computational footprint of the inverted bottleneck block proposed in ConvNeXt. Our proposed architecture is much less sensitive to evaluation layer count and outperforms a DARTS network with similar size significantly, at layer counts as small as 2. Furthermore, with less layers, not only does it achieve higher accuracy with lower GMACs and parameter count, GradCAM comparisons show that our network is able to better detect distinctive features of target objects compared to DARTS.

We propose an ensemble approach to predict the labels in linear programming word problems. The entity identification and the meaning representation are two types of tasks to be solved in the NL4Opt competition. We propose the ensembleCRF method to identify the named entities for the first task. We found that single models didn't improve for the given task in our analysis. A set of prediction models predict the entities. The generated results are combined to form a consensus result in the ensembleCRF method. We present an ensemble text generator to produce the representation sentences for the second task. We thought of dividing the problem into multiple small tasks due to the overflow in the output. A single model generates different representations based on the prompt. All the generated text is combined to form an ensemble and produce a mathematical meaning of a linear programming problem.

Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of vision loss in the world, and early DR detection is necessary to prevent vision loss and support an appropriate treatment. In this work, we leverage interactive machine learning and introduce a joint learning framework, termed DRG-Net, to effectively learn both disease grading and multi-lesion segmentation. Our DRG-Net consists of two modules: (i) DRG-AI-System to classify DR Grading, localize lesion areas, and provide visual explanations; (ii) DRG-Expert-Interaction to receive feedback from user-expert and improve the DRG-AI-System. To deal with sparse data, we utilize transfer learning mechanisms to extract invariant feature representations by using Wasserstein distance and adversarial learning-based entropy minimization. Besides, we propose a novel attention strategy at both low- and high-level features to automatically select the most significant lesion information and provide explainable properties. In terms of human interaction, we further develop DRG-Net as a tool that enables expert users to correct the system's predictions, which may then be used to update the system as a whole. Moreover, thanks to the attention mechanism and loss functions constraint between lesion features and classification features, our approach can be robust given a certain level of noise in the feedback of users. We have benchmarked DRG-Net on the two largest DR datasets, i.e., IDRID and FGADR, and compared it to various state-of-the-art deep learning networks. In addition to outperforming other SOTA approaches, DRG-Net is effectively updated using user feedback, even in a weakly-supervised manner.

This paper deals with the problem of statistical and system heterogeneity in a cross-silo Federated Learning (FL) framework where there exist a limited number of Consumer Internet of Things (CIoT) devices in a smart building. We propose a novel Graph Signal Processing (GSP)-inspired aggregation rule based on graph filtering dubbed ``G-Fedfilt''. The proposed aggregator enables a structured flow of information based on the graph's topology. This behavior allows capturing the interconnection of CIoT devices and training domain-specific models. The embedded graph filter is equipped with a tunable parameter which enables a continuous trade-off between domain-agnostic and domain-specific FL. In the case of domain-agnostic, it forces G-Fedfilt to act similar to the conventional Federated Averaging (FedAvg) aggregation rule. The proposed G-Fedfilt also enables an intrinsic smooth clustering based on the graph connectivity without explicitly specified which further boosts the personalization of the models in the framework. In addition, the proposed scheme enjoys a communication-efficient time-scheduling to alleviate the system heterogeneity. This is accomplished by adaptively adjusting the amount of training data samples and sparsity of the models' gradients to reduce communication desynchronization and latency. Simulation results show that the proposed G-Fedfilt achieves up to $3.99\% $ better classification accuracy than the conventional FedAvg when concerning model personalization on the statistically heterogeneous local datasets, while it is capable of yielding up to $2.41\%$ higher accuracy than FedAvg in the case of testing the generalization of the models.

Previous work has shown the potential of deep learning to predict renal obstruction using kidney ultrasound images. However, these image-based classifiers have been trained with the goal of single-visit inference in mind. We compare methods from video action recognition (i.e. convolutional pooling, LSTM, TSM) to adapt single-visit convolutional models to handle multiple visit inference. We demonstrate that incorporating images from a patient's past hospital visits provides only a small benefit for the prediction of obstructive hydronephrosis. Therefore, inclusion of prior ultrasounds is beneficial, but prediction based on the latest ultrasound is sufficient for patient risk stratification.

We investigate data-driven texture modeling via analysis and synthesis with generative adversarial networks. For network training and testing, we have compiled a diverse set of spatially homogeneous textures, ranging from stochastic to regular. We adopt StyleGAN3 for synthesis and demonstrate that it produces diverse textures beyond those represented in the training data. For texture analysis, we propose GAN inversion using a novel latent domain reconstruction consistency criterion for synthesized textures, and iterative refinement with Gramian loss for real textures. We propose perceptual procedures for evaluating network capabilities, exploring the global and local behavior of latent space trajectories, and comparing with existing texture analysis-synthesis techniques.

The COVID-19 pandemic created a deluge of questionable and contradictory scientific claims about drug efficacy -- an "infodemic" with lasting consequences for science and society. In this work, we argue that NLP models can help domain experts distill and understand the literature in this complex, high-stakes area. Our task is to automatically identify contradictory claims about COVID-19 drug efficacy. We frame this as a natural language inference problem and offer a new NLI dataset created by domain experts. The NLI framing allows us to create curricula combining existing datasets and our own. The resulting models are useful investigative tools. We provide a case study of how these models help a domain expert summarize and assess evidence concerning remdisivir and hydroxychloroquine.